Phytochemical screening, GCMS and effect of syzygium cumini (jamun) aqueous leaf extract against diethylnitrosamine by biochemical assays and histopathology using zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, GC-MS profile, biochemical alterations and histopathological changes using Syzygium cumini leaf extract in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver damage using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous leaf extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins and glycosides,was carried out and the results indicating the medicinal importance of the plant leaf extract. GC-MS analysis identified several bioactive compounds responsible for antioxidant and therapeutic activities. Biochemical analysis was carried out by estimating antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). DEN-induced zebrafish showed elevated oxidative stress and altered antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas treatment with Syzygium cumini leaf extract significantly restored the biochemical parameters towards normal levels. Histopathological examination of liver tissues in DEN-treated zebrafish exhibited hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, vacuolization and disrupted hepatic architecture. However, extract-treated groups showed improved liver structure with reduced tissue damage and restoration of normal hepatocytes. The findings of the present study suggest that Syzygium cumini leaf extract possess significant hepatoprotective potential due to its phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties.